åderbråck

Åderbråck, commonly translated as varicose veins, refers to enlarged, twisted veins that develop most often in the legs. It occurs when the valves in the superficial venous system fail to close properly, causing venous reflux and increased venous pressure. The condition is frequent in adults, more common in women, and its risk increases with age, obesity, pregnancy, and prolonged standing or sitting.

Symptoms vary; visible bulging veins, a feeling of heaviness or aching in the legs, throbbing, burning or itching, swelling, and fatigue, especially at the end of the day. In severe cases, skin changes near the ankle and venous ulcers may occur.

Diagnosis is typically based on clinical examination; duplex ultrasonography is used to assess venous valves and to exclude deep vein thrombosis and to plan treatment.

Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing complications. Conservative measures include compression stockings, leg elevation, and regular exercise. Weight management and avoiding prolonged standing or sitting may help.

Several treatment options exist for persistent or bothersome varicose veins. Sclerotherapy injects a sclerosant to close small varicose veins. Endovenous thermal ablation (radiofrequency or laser) closes larger refluxing veins. Procedures such as ambulatory phlebectomy or vein stripping remove or detach the affected veins.

Complications are uncommon but can include thrombophlebitis, deep vein thrombosis, pigmentation, scarring, or recurrence of varices. The prognosis is generally good with appropriate management, though new varicose veins can develop over time.