varicose
Varicose veins are enlarged, tortuous veins that develop when the veins' valves fail to function properly, allowing blood to pool and the vein wall to dilate. They most commonly involve the superficial veins of the legs and feet and can have a cosmetic and symptomatic impact.
Causes include age-related vein wall weakness, pregnancy, obesity, prolonged standing or sitting, injury, and genetics. The
Symptoms range from cosmetic concerns to aching, heaviness, swelling, throbbing, cramps, itching, and skin changes. Severe
Diagnosis: clinical examination; duplex ultrasound may assess valve function and reflux, and rule out deeper venous
Treatment: many cases require only reassurance and lifestyle modification, such as leg elevation and compression stockings.
Prevention and prognosis: maintaining a healthy weight, regular activity, and avoiding prolonged standing or sitting can