zaworu

Zawór is a device that regulates the flow and pressure of liquids or gases within a piping, hydraulic, or pneumatic system. It is used across plumbing, heating and cooling, automotive, manufacturing, and process industries to control, direct, or stop fluid movement. In Polish, zawór is the noun for valve, with inflected forms such as zaworu appearing in phrases describing specific parts or configurations.

Valves come in many types, selected for how they open, close, and regulate flow. Ball valves use a rotating ball to block or allow passage, offering quick operation and good sealing. Globe valves employ a movable disk and seat for throttling and precise control. Gate valves move a gate into or out of the flow to start or stop passage. Check valves permit flow in one direction to prevent backflow. Butterfly valves use a rotating disk for compact throttling. Needle valves provide fine control for small flows. Relief and safety valves protect equipment by venting excess pressure, while pressure-reducing and control valves manage downstream conditions. Solenoid valves use an electric coil to actuate mechanical movement.

Key components include the valve body, stem, plug or disk, seat, and packing, plus an actuator such as a manual lever, wheel, electric motor, pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder. Material choices—brass, bronze, stainless steel, carbon steel, cast iron, PVC or CPVC—depend on the media and operating conditions. Valves conform to various standards, notably ASME/ANSI B16.34 and ISO guidelines, and are rated by pressure, temperature, and compatibility with the conveyed fluid. Proper installation and maintenance—checking for leaks, saturating seals, and ensuring correct torque—are essential for safe operation.