woolliness

Woolliness is the quality or condition associated with wool or wool‑like fibers, particularly the attributes that produce the familiar warmth, softness, and textured feel of wool textiles. In fabrics, woolliness describes the extent to which a material resembles or behaves like natural wool rather than synthetic fibers.

Wool fibers are natural keratin proteins with a scaly cuticle and a natural crimp. These features give wool high elasticity, loft, and resilience, as well as excellent moisture absorption. Wool can absorb substantial moisture without feeling wet, contributing to warmth and breathability. The scale structure also makes wool prone to felting when subjected to heat, moisture, and agitation.

During textile production, wool can be spun into “woolen” fabrics, which are airy and fuzzy, or into “worsted” fabrics, which are smooth and tightly woven. Finishing steps such as carding, combing, and napping influence woolliness: more loft and a fuzzier surface increase perceived woolliness, while compact, tight structures reduce it. Wool’s natural curl and length affect drape and warmth as well as how easily it pills or felts.

Woolliness informs garment selection—high-woolliness fabrics provide warmth and insulation but may require delicate care to avoid shrinking or felting. They typically require gentle washing, avoidance of high heat, and proper drying. Woolliness is also affected by fiber diameter; finer wools (lower micron counts) are softer and less inherently coarse, while coarser wools may feel burlier or loftier.

Etymology and usage: woolliness derives from wool and the suffix -liness, used to describe a quality or condition. In practice, it is a subjective term used by textile professionals and enthusiasts to compare fibers and fabrics.