unicycling

Unicycling is a single‑wheel cycling sport and recreational activity in which the rider balances, steers, and propels a unicycle by pedaling. The basic unicycle consists of a frame, a hub, a single wheel, pedals, and often a saddle. Modern unicycles may include additional components such as a chain guard, bearings, and a crank system that allows for freeride, mountain, or trials configurations.

The practice of unicycling can be traced back to the 19th‑century development of the penny‑farthing and later the “monocycle” as novelty acts in circuses and fairs. Organized unicycling began in the mid‑20th century with the formation of clubs and clubs such as the International Unicycling Federation (IUF) in 1985, which now oversees competitive disciplines, rules, and world championships.

Unicycling includes a variety of disciplines. Freestyle (also known as flatland) focuses on tricks performed on flat ground, while trials involve navigating obstacles without putting a foot on the ground. Mountain unicycling (muni) uses a larger, knobby tire and reinforced frame to ride on trails, and long‑distance unicycling (ultra‑muni) tests endurance over extended routes. Races range from short sprint events to marathon and even 24‑hour endurance challenges.

Safety considerations emphasize the use of helmets, wrist guards, knee and elbow pads, especially for beginners and for high‑risk disciplines. Learning to ride a unicycle typically starts with balance drills on a stationary bike or low‑height wheel, progressing to forward motion and then to specialized skills.

Unicycling is practiced worldwide, with active communities in North America, Europe, Asia, and Oceania. It is valued both as a recreational pastime that promotes balance and coordination and as a competitive sport with an expanding presence in multi‑sport events.