transfemoral

Transfemoral refers to an above-knee amputation, performed through the femur to create a residual limb that extends from the hip to the knee. The term is used in both surgical and prosthetic contexts to denote the level of loss and the corresponding requirements for rehabilitation and prosthetic design. It is contrasted with transtibial, which denotes a below-knee amputation.

Indications for a transfemoral amputation typically include severe trauma, advanced peripheral vascular disease, infection, tumors, or other conditions that threaten limb viability or function. Surgical goals include preserving as much length and soft-tissue coverage as possible, ensuring good blood supply, and balancing muscle forces to optimize prosthetic control and hip function. Longer residual limbs generally offer better leverage and control for a prosthesis, but individual factors such as anatomy and health status influence outcomes.

Rehabilitation and prosthetics focus on wound healing, prevention of hip contractures, and restoration of mobility. Physical therapy emphasizes range of motion, strengthening, gait training, and pain management, including addressing phantom limb sensations. A transfemoral prosthesis typically comprises a socket that fits the residual limb, a knee joint (often with mechanical, hydraulic, or microprocessor-control options), and a foot or ankle assembly. Advances in materials and knee technologies aim to improve stability, energy efficiency, and user comfort. Long-term outcomes vary by health, prosthetic fit, and rehabilitation, with ongoing adjustments commonly required as users adapt and as devices are updated.