microprocessorcontrol

Microprocessor control refers to the use of a microprocessor-based system to manage and regulate the operation of equipment, machinery, or processes. Such systems implement control logic in software running on the processor, typically with external memory and peripheral interfaces. They differ from dedicated hardware controllers and from microcontrollers in the level of processing power and system complexity.

A typical microprocessor control architecture includes a central processing unit, volatile and nonvolatile memory, and a variety of input/output interfaces and peripheral devices. External components such as timers, analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters, and communication controllers are common. The software may run on bare metal or under a real-time operating system to meet deterministic timing requirements.

Compared with microcontrollers, microprocessor-based control offers higher computational power, greater flexibility, and easier upgradeability, at the cost of more components, larger size, and greater development effort. Microcontrollers integrate memory and many peripherals on a single chip, which simplifies design and reduces cost for simple control tasks. Digital signal processors focus on intensive numeric processing and may be used alongside microprocessors in control systems requiring high-speed computation.

Applications span industrial automation, automotive control systems, robotics, process control, energy management, and consumer electronics. Development emphasizes real-time performance, reliability, and safety, often using languages such as C or C++, sometimes with assembly, and may involve real-time operating systems. Standards and safety considerations, such as IEC 61131-3 in industrial settings, influence design and verification.