sowbugs

Sowbugs are terrestrial crustaceans in the suborder Oniscidea, commonly referred to as woodlice. The term is often applied to members of the family Porcellionidae, which cannot roll into a ball, in contrast to pillbugs (Armadillidiidae) that can curl up completely. They are small, flattened isopods that live in damp, shaded environments.

Physically, sowbugs have a rigid, segmented exoskeleton and a broad, flattened abdomen with seven pairs of legs. They typically measure a few millimeters to a centimeter in length. Most species are gray to brown and may appear mottled. Two uropods extend from the rear, contributing to their distinctive silhouette. They breathe through structures resembling book lungs and require moist conditions to prevent desiccation.

Ecology and behavior: Sowbugs are detritivores and detritus feeders, consuming decaying plant material, fungi, and occasionally fresh vegetation. They play a role in decomposition and nutrient cycling in leaf litter, mulch, and soil ecosystems. They prefer dark, damp microhabitats such as under logs, rocks, compost piles, and garden mulch. While they can enter basements or greenhouses during moist weather, they do not pose a threat to structures or living plants in typical garden settings.

Reproduction and life cycle: Sowbugs reproduce sexually. Females carry eggs in a brood pouch (marsupium) formed by folds of the exoskeleton until they hatch into mancae, which resemble smaller adults. They undergo direct development, with juveniles growing gradually to adulthood over several molts.

Distribution: Sowbugs are cosmopolitan in suitable climates, particularly abundant in temperate regions. They are generally considered beneficial members of soil and garden ecosystems and are not dangerous to humans.