sopan

Sopan is a term used in Indonesian and Malay languages to describe polite, courteous, and well-m mannered behavior. It functions as both an adjective and a noun, for example in phrases such as berbicara sopan (to speak politely) or bersikap sopan santun (to act with courtesy).

The concept of sopan is closely tied to social etiquette and respectful interaction. It encompasses using appropriate language and tone, showing respect to others (especially elders and authority figures), and avoiding actions that could be considered rude or disruptive. In everyday life, a person who is sopan typically observes norms of polite speech, proper greetings, and considerate conduct in public and private settings.

In Indonesian and Malay cultures, sopan santun (a fuller form of the idea) is a foundational aspect of social harmony and civil conduct. Schools, workplaces, and families often emphasize etiquette in communication, dress, and behavior. Related terms include santun (polite or courteous), beretika (ethical), and tata krama or adat sopan, which refer to broader systems of etiquette and customary manners within a community or culture.

Sopan also interacts with regional variations of etiquette, such as the more formal or hierarchical forms of address in Javanese or Malay-speaking communities. While the core idea remains universal—treating others with respect and self-control—the specific expectations for modesty, tone, and phrasing can vary by context and community.