semens

Semene? The standard term in English is semen; semens as a plural form is uncommon but may be encountered in some contexts. Semen is the male reproductive fluid released at ejaculation and is composed of spermatozoa suspended in seminal plasma, which is produced by several glands of the male reproductive system.

In humans, sperm are produced in the testes and contribute the cellular component of semen. The seminal plasma is secreted by the seminal vesicles, the prostate gland, and the bulbourethral glands, and it contains nutrients and buffers that support sperm function. The fluid typically includes fructose from the seminal vesicles as an energy source, citrate and enzymes from the prostate, and various proteins and minerals that aid in coagulation and protection.

Key properties of semen include its typical volume, pH, and motility characteristics. A normal ejaculate usually has a volume of about 1.5 to 5 milliliters and a pH around 7.2 to 8.0, making it alkaline to neutralize vaginal acidity. Sperm concentration commonly ranges from roughly 15 million to over 150 million sperm per milliliter, with total sperm counts often aggregating into the hundreds of millions per ejaculation. Liquefaction generally occurs within 15 to 30 minutes after ejaculation.

Clinical relevance centers on fertility assessment and assisted reproduction. Semen analysis (spermogram) evaluates volume, sperm concentration, total count, motility, and morphology, among other factors, and is used to diagnose male infertility or to monitor treatment. Semen quality can be affected by health, medications, lifestyle, and infections; it can also be cryopreserved for future fertility.

Safety and reproductive choices involve considerations of sexually transmitted infections and contraception. Semen analysis and reproductive technologies are conducted under medical guidelines to ensure ethical and safe use.