scoliose

Scoliose, or scoliosis, is a condition characterized by an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, often with vertebral rotation. The curvature is measured on imaging using the Cobb angle, and the deformity can be seen in the thoracic, lumbar, or thoracolumbar regions.

Most cases are idiopathic, especially in adolescents, meaning no identifiable cause. Other forms are congenital or neuromuscular and may be associated with genetic or connective tissue factors. Growth and puberty influence progression; females are more likely to have progressive curves.

Diagnosis combines clinical examination with radiography. The Adam’s forward bend test can reveal asymmetry, and standing X-rays determine the Cobb angle and curve location.

Management depends on age, curve magnitude, and progression. Mild curves are often monitored. Bracing is commonly used in growing children with curves typically between 25 and 40 degrees to slow progression. Surgical treatment, usually spinal fusion, is considered for severe curves (commonly over 45–50 degrees) or when bracing fails, with specialized techniques for growing children.

Prognosis varies. An untreated, progressive curvature can lead to deformity and, in adults with large curves, potential cardiopulmonary impact. With timely management, many individuals maintain good function and quality of life. Scoliosis is most commonly diagnosed during adolescence.