sandbags

Sandbags are bags made from porous fabrics such as burlap or woven polypropylene, designed to be filled with sand or earth to form a temporary barrier. They are used for flood control, military fortifications, erosion control, and temporary stabilization of structures. A typical on-site sandbag measures about 14 by 26 inches when filled and can weigh roughly 20 to 50 pounds, depending on density and contents.

Construction and deployment involve filling bags on site and stacking them in interlocking, staggered courses to create a continuous wall. Bags are pressed tight and overlapped to minimize seepage, and may be reinforced with stakes, boards, or additional lining material for longer-lasting barriers. They are commonly used along riverbanks, around doors and foundations, or to seal openings during flood events.

Uses and advantages include rapid deployment, low cost, and versatility on uneven terrain. Sandbags are relatively easy to obtain and can be reused in many situations after a flood or other threat. They are biodegradable when made from burlap, but polypropylene variants are more durable in wet conditions and are not biodegradable. Proper maintenance includes keeping the wall dry when possible and checking for gaps or sagging to maintain effectiveness.

Limitations and considerations include labor intensity, heavy lifting, and declining effectiveness as bags become saturated or degraded. Weather exposure can shorten bag life; sandbags may require disposal or recycling after use. Environmental concerns include plastic bag components shedding microplastics if made from synthetic materials, and the need for careful placement to avoid obstructing drainage or waterways.

History and scope: Modern sandbags gained prominence in the 20th century for flood control and fortification, with continued use in disaster response and military applications due to their simplicity and adaptability.