sagging

Sagging is the downward bending or drooping of a flexible element under gravity. In physics and engineering, sag describes the vertical deflection of cables, ropes, beams, or similar structures when loaded. The shape of a suspended cable is often approximated by a catenary, with sag depending on factors such as material elasticity, cross-sectional area, length, temperature, and the magnitude and distribution of the weight. Designers use sag calculations to ensure structural safety, proper clearance, and acceptable performance.

In fashion and popular culture, sagging refers to wearing pants or shorts at or below the hips, often with underwear exposed. The trend rose in the late 20th century and became associated with various urban subcultures and media portrayals. It has been the subject of public debate and policy measures in some jurisdictions, with opponents arguing it signals criminality or disrespect, while supporters view it as self-expression or cultural style. Variants exist, including sagging of underwear only or of outer garments.

In other contexts, sagging can describe the gradual settling of soils, roofs, or floors under sustained loads, or the deflection of structural elements due to aging or overloading. Regular inspection and maintenance aim to limit excessive sag, prevent damage, and preserve function and safety.