pants

Pants, in American English, refer to a garment that covers the lower torso and legs and is worn from the waist to something near the ankles, typically with two leg openings. In British English, the term trousers is more common for the outer garment, while pants can mean underwear. The garment is usually fastened at the waist and may include features such as pockets, belt loops, and a fly.

Etymology: The word pants derives from pantaloons, via French pantalon and Italian pantalone, terms for a distinct trouser-like garment used since the 16th century. The modern form evolved through fashion and manufacturing changes.

Historically, outer trousers were worn by men in parts of Europe in the 16th–17th centuries, replacing or supplementing hose. Early styles included breeches and trunk hose; by the 19th century, long trousers became common civil attire. The invention of the sewing machine and mass production led to standard denim jeans in the late 19th century, while other fabrics expanded usage.

Modern pants vary by cut, fabric, and purpose: denim jeans, chinos, dress pants, and workwear; cuts range from skinny to wide-leg; lengths can be full-length or cropped. Common features include a waist, zipper or button fly, pockets, and belt loops; materials include cotton, denim, wool, and synthetics. Some specialized pants are designed for safety or performance, such as flame-resistant or moisture-wicking fabrics.

Socially, pants are a staple garment in many cultures, with norms around fit, formalwear, and gendered styling evolving over time. Care and sizing vary by material; most cotton or denim pants are machine washable, and care labels provide guidance on washing and ironing. Size standards differ by brand and region, making measurements of waist and inseam important for fit.