flameresistant

Flame-resistant, often abbreviated FR, refers to fabrics and materials that resist ignition and slow or stop the spread of flame when exposed to heat. FR materials reduce the likelihood of ignition and can limit burn severity by slowing heat transfer to the wearer. They are not fireproof and do not guarantee protection in all fire scenarios.

There are two main approaches to achieving flame resistance. Inherent FR fibers derive their protective properties from their chemical structure, such as meta-aramids (for example Nomex) and other high-temperature fibers. These fabrics typically retain their FR properties through many wash cycles and years of use. The second approach applies flame-retardant finishes or coatings to non-FR fibers (such as cotton or polyester blends). Finishes can be effective initially but may diminish with laundering, wear, and environmental exposure.

Standards and testing are used to assess flame resistance and, for protective clothing, arc performance. In the United States, common references include NFPA 2112 for industrial flame-resistant clothing and NFPA 70E for electrical safety, along with the ASTM F1959 arc rating test (ATPV or EBT). In Europe, standards such as EN 11612 and EN 61482 address heat and flame protection, while other region-specific standards apply to similar protective needs. Ratings provide a basis for comparing garments, though real-world protection depends on fabric type, garment construction, and exposure conditions.

Applications span protective clothing for industrial workers, electrical and utility personnel, and other environments with potential heat or flame exposure. Care and maintenance influence long-term performance: follow manufacturer instructions, inspect garments regularly for wear, and replace items that show degradation or fail to meet standards. Inherent FR fabrics generally offer more durable protection than some treated fabrics, but no FR garment should be relied upon as absolute protection in extreme fire scenarios.