zipper

A zipper is a device for joining and separating the edges of fabric or other flexible material. It consists of two rows of interlocking teeth on fabric tapes, a slider that moves to engage or disengage the teeth, and end stops to keep the mechanism within bounds. Teeth may be metal, molded plastic, or nylon coil, and the slider is typically metal or plastic.

The modern zipper was developed by Gideon Sundback in 1913, building on earlier work by Whitcomb Judson. The name zipper comes from the distinctive sound of the fastener in operation.

Construction details:

Two tapes carry the teeth; a bottom stopper keeps the slider in range. Separating zippers allow the two sides to fully separate; non-separating zippers remain joined at one end. Zippers come in metal, plastic molded, or coil types and in a range of sizes, often denoted by numbers such as 3, 5, or 10, indicating overall width.

Variants and uses:

Common applications include clothing, bags, luggage, footwear, tents, and upholstery. Separating zippers are typical on jackets and coats; non-separating zippers are common on bags and non-open garments. They are valued for strength, reliability, and ease of use, but can jam, separate, or be damaged by fabric.

Maintenance:

Keep zippers clean; remove debris; avoid forcing the slider; replace damaged sliders or stops. Some lubrication is used sparingly on stubborn zippers.

Standards and manufacturers:

Zippers are produced to regional and international standards covering size, strength, and slider design; major manufacturers include YKK, Ideal, and others.