regjulatori

Regjulatori refers to a device, circuit, or system that maintains a chosen value of a process variable by adjusting an input. It is used across engineering fields to ensure stable operation, efficiency, and safety. The term is commonly used in Albanian to denote what English speakers call a regulator, and it can describe mechanical, electronic, or software-based solutions.

Types of регулиator: Mechanical regulators include pressure regulators and fuel regulators that control flow or pressure in a system. Electronic regulators cover voltage regulators, current regulators, and DC-DC converters, including switching regulators that maintain stable electrical quantities. Software-based regulators implement control algorithms in programmable logic controllers (PLCs) or embedded systems, using methods such as PID, lead-lag, or model predictive control to manage processes.

Operation and principles: Most regulators operate in a feedback loop. A sensor measures the process variable and compares it with a reference value. The controller computes a corrective signal, which an actuator uses to adjust the input. This closed-loop action reduces error over time. Some applications also employ feedforward elements to anticipate disturbances, while Open-loop regulators apply pre-set inputs without real-time feedback.

Applications: Regjulatori is central in power supplies, automotive systems (engine management and electrical systems), industrial automation, HVAC, and process industries (chemical, pharmaceutical, food and beverage). They are used wherever maintaining a precise, stable parameter is essential.

Design considerations: Key factors include stability and transient response, accuracy, noise sensitivity, efficiency, thermal performance, and robustness. Compliance with safety and performance standards is also important, as is selecting appropriate sensors, actuators, and control laws for the intended application.