policyresearch

Policy research is the systematic study of issues relevant to public policy, with the aim of informing decision-makers. It draws on economics, political science, public administration, sociology, and related disciplines. It covers problem definition, evidence gathering, analysis, and the synthesis of findings into actionable options. It can address efficiency, equity, feasibility, and political legitimacy, and often involves comparative analysis across jurisdictions or time.

Methods include quantitative analyses such as econometric modeling, cost-benefit analysis, and program evaluation; qualitative methods like case studies, interviews, and policy process tracing; and mixed-methods approaches. Researchers may use experimental or quasi-experimental designs, simulations, and systematic reviews. Outputs typically include policy briefs, impact assessments, technical reports, data sets, and recommendations intended to guide legislation, regulation, or program design.

Actors include government agencies, think tanks, universities, international organizations, non-governmental organizations, and consulting firms. Policy researchers work with policymakers, practitioners, and stakeholders to frame questions, assess uncertainties, and present trade-offs. Credible policy research emphasizes transparency, rigor, and clear communication, with attention to limitations, context, and transferability.

Challenges include data access, political influence, resource constraints, and uncertainty in estimating outcomes. Ethical considerations involve conflicts of interest and the use of evidence. While closely linked to evidence-based policy, policy research recognizes context dependence and methodological limits, and aims to present balanced analyses to support informed decision-making.