planlama

Planlama is a systematic activity that involves defining objectives and deciding on actions to achieve them within given time, budget, and resource constraints. It encompasses gathering information, analyzing options, selecting a course of action, designing programs, allocating resources, scheduling, and monitoring progress. The aim is to coordinate efforts and align activities across individuals, teams, and organizations.

The concept applies across a variety of domains, including urban and regional development, corporate projects, production and operations, public policy, and social programs. It provides a framework for converting goals into concrete actions and for anticipating needs and risks before they arise.

Common forms of planlama include strategic planning (long-term, organization-wide goals), tactical planning (medium-term actions), and operational planning (short-term schedules and routines). Methods often used are rational planning models, scenario planning, participatory planning, and risk assessment. Analytical tools such as forecasting, budgeting, GIS and spatial analysis, modeling, and SWOT or PESTLE analyses support the planning process.

A typical planning process involves several steps: defining objectives and scope; collecting and analyzing data on needs, capacities, and constraints; generating multiple alternatives; evaluating options and selecting a preferred plan; creating implementation programs and timelines; allocating resources; and monitoring progress with adjustments as needed.

In Turkish public administration and policy discourse, planlama is a central term for organized development efforts. It has historically included multi-year plans and sectoral planning carried out by dedicated agencies or ministries, reflecting the emphasis on coordinated, evidence-based decision making. Critiques focus on balancing structure with flexibility, ensuring stakeholder participation, and maintaining adaptability through feedback and learning.