physiques

Physique is the form, structure, and proportional arrangement of the human body. In common usage it refers to body shape and the visible musculature and fat distribution that define a person’s silhouette. Physique is influenced by genetic factors such as bone structure and muscle insertions, as well as developmental factors like age, sex, nutrition, and physical activity. The term is distinct from health or fitness, though related, since health status can influence physique and training choices can alter it.

Components of physique include bone frame, muscle mass, body fat level and distribution, posture, and symmetry. Body composition is often assessed by methods such as body fat percentage or imaging, but simple indicators like measurements or photographs are also used in non-clinical settings. People may be described as having different physiques—such as lean, muscular, or stockier builds—though modern understanding emphasizes continua rather than fixed categories.

Modification of physique is pursued in sports and recreation through resistance training, cardiovascular activity, and diet. Hypertrophy-focused weight training aims to increase muscle size, while caloric balance and macronutrient composition influence fat loss and lean mass. Training plans are individualized and consider recovery and injury risk. Historically, classifications such as ectomorph, mesomorph, and endomorph have been used, but contemporary approaches favor flexible labeling.

In culture, physique shapes ideals and affects representation in media, fashion, and athletics. Competitive disciplines include bodybuilding and physique sport categories that emphasize proportion and aesthetics. Awareness of body image and health risks associated with extreme dieting or excessive training is important for safe practice.