paddling

Paddling is the propulsion of a small watercraft using a paddle. It covers a range of craft, most commonly canoes, kayaks, and stand-up paddleboards, and is practiced for recreation, travel, sport, and expedition. The activity spans flatwater paddling on lakes and rivers, coastal and open-water journeys, and technical disciplines such as whitewater or racing. Paddling cultures and techniques have developed differently around the world, but share a focus on efficient forward movement and balance on the water.

Equipment includes the vessel, the paddle, and safety gear. In canoeing, a single-blade paddle is standard; in kayaking, paddlers use a double-bladed paddle; stand-up paddleboarding uses a long single-blade paddle. Personal flotation devices are required in many jurisdictions. Depending on conditions, paddlers may wear wetsuits or drysuits, use spray skirts, helmets for whitewater, and leashes for boards.

Techniques focus on efficient propulsion, stability, and control. Core strokes include the forward stroke, backward stroke, sweep stroke for turning, and draw and pry strokes for maneuvering near objects. Bracing and edging improve balance and handling in waves or moving water. Training emphasizes body position, rotation, timing, and pacing to reduce fatigue.

Disciplines and environments vary: recreational paddling on lakes and rivers; touring or sea kayaking for longer trips; whitewater paddling for fast-moving rivers; racing and sprint events; stand-up paddleboard racing and yoga on boards. Many regions offer courses and regulatory bodies oversee safety and skill certification.

Safety and environmental considerations emphasise personal flotation and weather awareness; knowledge of currents, tides, and water temperature; proper skill progression and rescue training; respect for wildlife and the natural setting; minimize impact by following local rules and practice Leave No Trace principles.