kayaking

Kayaking is a water sport and recreational activity that involves paddling a kayak, a small, narrow watercraft that is propelled with a double-bladed paddle. The paddler alternates strokes on either side to move forward, steer, and control speed and direction. Kayaks can be sit-inside or sit-on-top, and hull designs vary for stability, speed, and intended use.

The practice has origins in Arctic regions, where indigenous peoples used lightweight, skin-covered boats for transport and hunting. Over time, designs evolved with materials such as wood, fiberglass, and eventually plastic. In the 19th and 20th centuries, kayaking grew into a popular sport and leisure activity worldwide, diversifying into several disciplines and equipment choices.

Equipment commonly includes a kayak appropriate to the activity, a double-bladed paddle, a personal flotation device, and, for sit-inside kayaks, a spray skirt. Materials range from rotomolded polyethylene to fiberglass and composite laminates. Some kayaks, especially in rough or cold environments, require a helmet, a bilge pump, and possibly a throw bag for safety.

Core techniques cover forward and reverse paddling, turning with sweep strokes, lateral movement with draw strokes, edging for stability, and bracing to prevent capsizing. Advanced skills include the Eskimo roll or other self-rescue methods and assisted rescues in group settings.

Kayaking is practiced in still-water lakes, slow rivers, coastal waters, and whitewater courses. Safety considerations include wearing a PFD, understanding weather and water conditions, recognizing hypothermia risk in cold water, and planning trips with proper equipment and training. Organizations around the world offer training and certifications to support safe participation.