kayak

A kayak is a small, narrow watercraft propelled by a double-bladed paddle. Most kayaks are sit-inside or sit-on-top, with a cockpit or kneeling area. They are designed for efficiency, stability, and maneuverability across a range of water conditions.

Kayaks were developed by Inuit, Yupik, and related Arctic peoples for hunting and travel across rivers, lakes, and coastal waters. Traditional frames supported skin coverings. In the 19th and 20th centuries, kayaks were adapted for sport and exploration. The mid-20th century saw plastics and fiberglass replace traditional materials, expanding production.

Modern kayaks vary by purpose and construction. Common materials include high-density polyethylene, fiberglass, carbon fiber, and inflatable fabrics. Sit-inside designs enclose the paddler in a hull and may have spray skirts; sit-on-top boats have open decks. Major styles include recreational, touring/sea, whitewater, folding, and fishing kayaks.

Paddling uses a double-bladed paddle; paddlers rotate their torso to generate strokes on alternating sides. Basic skills include forward propulsion, turning with sweep strokes, and bracing to prevent capsize. Proper fit of the cockpit, a spray deck in rough water, and appropriate clothing and personal flotation devices are important.

Kayaking is practiced worldwide for recreation, sport, and transportation. Competitive disciplines include slalom, sprint, and sea kayaking events. Training, weather awareness, and environmental stewardship are emphasized in safety guidelines.