Kayaks

A kayak is a small, narrow watercraft propelled by a double-bladed paddle. Most designs have a closed cockpit in which the paddler sits with the legs extended; sit-on-top models place the paddler on the deck and are easier to re-enter. Kayaks are used on rivers, lakes, and seas.

Kayaks originated among Arctic peoples for hunting and transport. Traditional frames were covered with animal skins. In the 20th century, synthetic materials and mass production produced a wide range of kayaks for sport and recreation, transforming kayaking into a popular global activity.

Construction commonly uses rotomolded polyethylene for durability and low cost, while fiberglass, Kevlar, or carbon fiber offer lighter weight and higher performance. Wooden and skin-on-frame kayaks preserve traditional craft. Inflatable models provide portability and storage advantages.

Types include recreational kayaks, which prioritize stability for calm water; touring or sea kayaks, which are longer, track well, and carry gear; whitewater kayaks, designed for rapid rivers and short bursts of speed; and sit-on-top kayaks, which are self-bailing and easy to re-enter. Hulls range from displacement to planing, with varying degrees of rocker and chines.

Equipment includes a personal flotation device, a spray skirt for enclosed cockpits, a paddle leash sometimes, and a helmet for whitewater. Paddling techniques such as forward, sweep, and draw strokes, as well as braces, are fundamental. Safety emphasizes capsizing awareness and rescue skills.

Kayaking is practiced recreationally, in clubs, and as sport. It supports guided tours, endurance racing, and expedition travel. It emphasizes environmental awareness, skill development, and physical fitness, with equipment choices tailored to water conditions and the paddler's experience.