paddle

A paddle is a handheld tool used to propel small boats by pushing water backward with a blade attached to a shaft. Paddles are common in kayaking, canoeing, and stand-up paddleboarding. They differ from oars in that paddles are held with both hands on a shaft and are not mounted to oarlocks, allowing blade configurations that may include two blades on opposite ends (kayak-style) or a single blade (canoe/SUP).

Types and configurations include kayak paddles, which have two blades and a relatively short shaft; canoe paddles, which have a single blade and a longer shaft; and stand-up paddleboard paddles, which are typically longer and may be adjustable to suit the rider and conditions. Some paddles are feathered, meaning the blades are rotated relative to each other to reduce wind resistance during the stroke.

Materials range from traditional wood to modern composites such as fiberglass and carbon fiber, as well as aluminum and durable plastics. Blades vary in shape (teardrop, rectangular) and thickness; shafts can be straight or bent to optimize posture and power. Adjustable paddles allow length changes to fit the paddler’s height and stance.

Technique emphasizes body rotation, core engagement, and a smooth, efficient blade entry and exit. The basic forward stroke moves the blade from in front of the body to behind, with the paddle staying close to the boat. Other strokes include sweep, draw, pry, and J-stroke, each used to steer or maneuver. Regular maintenance and proper sizing are important to minimize injury.

Historically, paddles have been used for thousands of years across many cultures for transport, fishing, and recreation. In marine engineering, the term paddle also refers to a paddle wheel—a rotating apparatus with blades that provides propulsion for certain steam-powered ships and turbines.