ovulace

Ovulace, commonly referred to in English as ovulation, is the release of a mature oocyte from the ovarian follicle. In a typical menstrual cycle, ovulation occurs roughly midway, often around day 12–16 of a 28-day cycle, but the timing can vary widely among individuals and cycles.

The process is driven by hormonal changes. Follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles, and rising estrogen levels lead to a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH). The LH surge triggers rupture of the dominant follicle and release of the oocyte. The released oocyte is then captured by the fimbriae of the fallopian tube and begins its journey toward the uterus. The rupture and subsequent healing of the follicle form the corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone to support a potential early pregnancy.

If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum degenerates, progesterone levels fall, and the uterus sheds its lining in preparation for a new cycle. If conception occurs, the developing embryo and the corpus luteum maintain hormonal support until the placenta takes over.

Signs and methods of detecting ovulation vary. Some people notice mittelschmerz (mild abdominal discomfort) or changes in cervical mucus, which becomes clear and stretchy around ovulation. Basal body temperature often rises slightly after ovulation due to increased progesterone. Many people use ovulation predictor tests to detect the LH surge, indicating imminent ovulation.

Fertility and cycle regularity depend on multiple factors, including age, body weight, stress, and health conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome or thyroid disorders. Ovulace is a central component of the reproductive cycle and has implications for conception and menstrual health.