oszteoporózis

Oszteoporózis is a medical condition characterized by a decrease in bone density and a deterioration of bone tissue. This leads to bones becoming brittle and more susceptible to fractures, even from minor stress like coughing or bending over. The term "osteoporosis" literally translates to "porous bone."

This condition is often referred to as a "silent disease" because it typically develops gradually and without noticeable symptoms until a fracture occurs. Common sites for osteoporotic fractures include the hip, wrist, and spine. Spinal fractures can result in a loss of height and a stooped posture.

Several factors can contribute to the development of osteoporosis. Age is a significant factor, with bone density naturally decreasing as people get older. Hormonal changes, particularly the decline in estrogen levels in women after menopause, play a crucial role. Other risk factors include a family history of osteoporosis, certain medical conditions like hyperthyroidism or celiac disease, long-term use of some medications such as corticosteroids, a sedentary lifestyle, inadequate calcium and vitamin D intake, and smoking.

Diagnosis is usually made through a bone mineral density test, commonly a DEXA scan. Treatment aims to slow or stop bone loss, increase bone density, and prevent fractures. This often involves lifestyle modifications such as dietary changes and exercise, alongside medication. Prevention strategies focus on building and maintaining strong bones throughout life, emphasizing adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, regular weight-bearing exercises, and avoiding risk factors like smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.