murbyggnad

A murbyggnad is a building in which masonry walls constitute the main structural element. The walls are built from masonry units such as tegelsten (brick), kalksandsten or natursten (stone), or betongblock (concrete block), and are bonded with mortar. Murbyggnader can be load-bearing, where the walls themselves carry most of the structural load, or non-load-bearing, with the masonry walls forming partitions or façades.

Common materials used in murbyggnad include brick, concrete blocks, natural stone, and autoclaved aerated concrete blocks. Mortars are typically cement-based or lime-based, and joints can be finished in different styles. In modern practice, murbyggnader may employ reinforced masonry, where steel reinforcement is incorporated to increase strength and ductility, or be integrated with other structural systems such as concrete frames.

Key design considerations for murbyggnad include load transmission through walls, openings for doors and windows (which require lintels or arches), and the need for movement and expansion joints. Thermal performance is influenced by wall thickness and materials, with masonry offering notable thermal mass. Moisture management is important, including damp-proof courses, proper drainage, and ventilation to prevent moisture ingress and deterioration. Fire resistance is typically high for solid masonry walls.

Advantages of murbyggnad include durability, good fire resistance, and strong acoustic insulation, along with relatively low maintenance. Disadvantages include substantial weight, potentially high costs, slower construction, and sensitivity to moisture without proper detailing and insulation. Murbyggnader remain common in Europe and other regions, especially for traditional, heritage, or energy-efficient construction, and are often combined with modern framing or reinforcement to meet current codes and performance standards.