mudguards

Mudguards, also known as fenders in American English, are protective coverings mounted above or around wheels to intercept mud, water, and debris thrown by tires. They are used on bicycles, motorcycles, scooters, and automobiles, and can be integrated into the vehicle’s body or added as aftermarket components.

On bicycles, mudguards are usually narrow arches attached to the frame and fork, sometimes full-coverage with stays. They are often plastic or metal and may be removable. Automobile fenders are large outer panels that enclose the wheel wells and form part of the bodywork. Motorcycle fenders extend over the wheel to protect the rider and controls.

Design considerations include how much of the wheel is covered, mounting method, and material. Coverage ranges from partial to full; common materials are steel, aluminum, and various plastics, with high-end units sometimes using carbon fiber. Proper fit requires alignment with wheel size, tire clearance, and brake type, and avoiding interference with suspension or steering.

History and regulation: mudguards became common with bicycles in the late 19th century to keep riders clean, and automobiles adopted fenders in the early 20th century. Some regions require front fenders on motorcycles or scooters and specify clearance standards. Maintenance involves cleaning, inspecting for cracks or corrosion, and ensuring fasteners remain tight.