Motorcycle

A motorcycle is a two- or three-wheeled motor vehicle designed for one or two riders. It is typically powered by an internal combustion engine or electric motor, with a frame that supports the engine, chassis, and controls. Common features include a steering head, wheels with tires, suspension, brakes, and a drivetrain that transmits power to the rear wheel. Motorcycles are known for high power-to-weight ratios and maneuverability, but require rider training and protective gear.

The earliest motorized two-wheelers appeared in the late 19th century, with inventors such as Gottlieb Daimler and later pioneers improving designs. Through the 20th century motorcycles became common for transportation, sport, and pleasure. After World War II, mass production in Japan and Europe broadened affordability and choices; advancements in engines, tires, braking, and electronics shaped modern motorcycles. The rise of electric motorcycles in the 2020s added another propulsion option.

The most common engine is internal combustion, often a four-stroke engine. Transmissions are usually manual with multiple gears; some models use semi-automatic or fully automatic transmissions. The chassis blends a frame, engine as a stressed member in some designs, and suspension (front forks and rear shock absorbers). Brakes are typically disc brakes, with anti-lock braking systems on many models. Electrical systems include control, lighting, and instrumentation.

Categories include cruisers, sport bikes, sport-tourers, touring, adventure, dual-sport, standard, and naked bikes. Uses range from daily commuting to long-distance touring and competitive racing. Many riders wear helmets, jackets, gloves, boots, and other protective gear; licensing and training requirements vary by country. Environmental aspects include fuel efficiency and emissions; electric models are increasingly common.

Major manufacturers include Honda, Yamaha, Suzuki, Kawasaki, BMW, Ducati, Harley-Davidson, KTM, Triumph. The motorcycle market also includes small independents and regional brands, along with aftermarket components and customization.