Motorcycles

Motorcycles are two-wheeled or three-wheeled motorized vehicles for street or off-road use. They are usually powered by an internal combustion engine or electric motor, steered with handlebars, and ridden on a saddle. Street models typically have a front fork suspension, a rear shock, disc brakes, and a lightweight steel or aluminum frame.

Classifications include sport bikes, cruisers, touring, standard or naked bikes, dual-sport and adventure bikes, and dirt bikes. Off-road designs emphasize light weight and traction, while sport models prioritize power and handling. Touring motorcycles balance comfort and luggage capacity for long rides.

The first motorcycles emerged in the late 19th century as motorized bicycles; the Daimler Reitwagen (1885) is often cited as the first. In the 20th century, manufacturers such as Harley-Davidson, Indian, Honda, Yamaha, Suzuki, and BMW expanded mass production and performance. In the 21st century, electric motorcycles have grown in prominence.

Key components include the engine, transmission, drive system (chain, belt, or shaft), frame, suspension, wheels, brakes, and electrical system. Modern bikes mostly use four-stroke engines; two-strokes are less common. Transmissions are usually five or six gears, with manual, semi-automatic, or automatic options. Brakes are typically discs, often with ABS.

Riders should wear protective gear and follow traffic laws. Licensing, registration, insurance, and emissions or noise standards vary by jurisdiction. Motorcycles carry higher injury risk in crashes but offer advantages in maneuverability and efficiency.

Global manufacture and use span Asia, Europe, and North America, with ongoing advances in electric propulsion and charging. Motorcycles support commuting, recreation, sport, and commerce and host major racing series such as MotoGP.