micro3D

Micro3D refers to a set of manufacturing and design approaches aimed at creating three-dimensional structures at submillimeter scales. It encompasses several additive and subtractive microfabrication techniques that produce functional microdevices in a single build or a small number of steps, often using specialized photopolymer resins or ceramic suspensions.

Techniques commonly grouped under micro3D include two-photon polymerization, micro-stereolithography, and high-resolution digital light processing, as well as precision micro-contact or printing methods. These approaches achieve sub-10 micron features in some configurations, though typical resolutions range from a few micrometers to tens of micrometers depending on material and process. Materials are often photopolymers, ceramic-filled polymers, or metals delivered in micro-jet, electroplating, or binder-jet processes; post-processing may include curing, debinding, and sintering.

Applications span microfluidics, microelectromechanical systems and MEMS, micro-robotics, compact optical components, and biomedical implants. Micro3D enables complex internal channels and integrated assemblies that are difficult with traditional microfabrication.

Limitations include relatively slow production speeds, high equipment costs, material limitations, and challenges in achieving uniform mechanical properties and surface finishes at small scales. Process control requires precise environmental conditions, such as vibration isolation and temperature stability.

Research and industry use micro3D to prototype devices, test design concepts, and produce specialized components. Ongoing work focuses on improving speed, material diversity, and integration with complementary manufacturing methods.