methylparaben

Methylparaben is a preservative that belongs to the paraben family. It is the methyl ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and is used to inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi in various products. It is commonly found in cosmetics and personal care items such as shampoos, conditioners, lotions, and makeup, as well as in some pharmaceuticals.

In formulations, methylparaben provides antimicrobial protection and is often used alone or in combination with other parabens, such as ethylparaben and propylparaben, to broaden shelf life. It is typically included at low concentrations and, in many regulatory frameworks, the maximum is around 0.4% per product, with the total of all parabens not exceeding about 0.8%.

Safety and regulation discussions reflect that regulatory agencies generally consider methylparaben safe at approved use levels. The European Union’s scientific bodies have concluded that methylparaben is safe up to 0.4% per product, with a combined parabens limit near 0.8%. Some studies have noted estrogenic activity in vitro at high concentrations, but there is no consistent evidence of harm at typical consumer exposure. Allergic contact dermatitis has been reported in sensitive individuals, though such reactions are relatively uncommon.

Metabolism and exposure are characterized by absorption through the skin and conversion to metabolites that are excreted in urine. As with other parabens, consumer interest has led to demand for paraben-free formulations in some product categories, prompting the development of alternative preservatives.