lotions

Lotions are topical preparations designed for application to the skin. They are typically emulsions with a liquid or semiliquid consistency, most commonly oil-in-water, though some formulations may be water-in-oil. Compared with creams and ointments, lotions have lower viscosity and spread easily, making them suitable for covering large areas and for sensitive or oily skin types.

Common components include a water phase, an oil phase, emulsifiers to stabilize the mixture, humectants such as glycerin or propylene glycol to attract moisture, emollients (lipids) to soften the skin, and preservatives to prevent microbial growth. Fragrances or pigments may be added, along with active ingredients such as sunscreens, anti-inflammatory drugs, antifungals, or vitamins, depending on purpose.

Lotions are used for hydrating and soothing the skin, delivering medications or cosmetics, treating mild dermatitis or dryness, and providing cosmetic effects. They are typically applied to clean, dry skin and may be used on the face or body. They can feel cooling on application and may leave a temporary residue.

Safety considerations include potential fragrance or preservative sensitivities and interactions with active ingredients. Labeling and classification differ by jurisdiction; some lotions are cosmetic products, while others containing medicinal ingredients are regulated as Drugs or Medicinal products. Proper storage in a cool, dry place and adherence to expiration dates are advised.