shampoos

Shampoos are hair cleansing products designed to remove oil, dirt, and styling-product buildup from the scalp and hair. They are typically applied to wet hair, worked into a lather, and rinsed away. The cleansing action is produced by surfactants that emulsify oils, allowing them to be carried away in water. Many formulations also include conditioning agents to improve manageability after use.

Cleansing agents are usually surfactants, often anionic detergents such as sodium lauryl sulfate or sodium laureth sulfate, sometimes with nonionic or amphoteric partners. The pH is typically mildly acidic, around 4.5 to 6, to help close the hair cuticle and maintain scalp health. Other ingredients may include silicones or quaternary ammonium compounds for conditioning, thickening agents, fragrances, colorants, and preservatives. Some shampoos also contain active ingredients to address scalp conditions.

Shampoo varieties include daily-use formulas, clarifying or detoxifying products for buildup, color-safe and sulfate-free options for sensitive scalps or color-treated hair, and medicated shampoos containing antifungal or keratolytic agents such as zinc pyrithione or ketoconazole.

Usage and safety: Apply to wet hair, lather, rinse thoroughly, and follow with conditioner if desired. Avoid contact with eyes. Some individuals may experience irritation or allergies to certain surfactants or fragrances; discontinue use if irritation occurs. Shampoos are cosmetic products and are not intended to diagnose, treat, or cure medical conditions; follow label instructions and consult a professional for persistent scalp concerns.