medames

Medames, often written as ful medames, is a traditional dish from Egypt consisting of stewed or mashed fava beans. It is one of the most enduring and widely eaten foods in Egyptian cuisine and is commonly regarded as a staple breakfast, though it is enjoyed at any time of day. The name derives from Arabic: ful means fava beans and medames (mashed or stewed) describes the preparation.

Preparation and ingredients: The primary ingredient is dried fava beans, though canned beans are frequently used for convenience. After soaking and simmering until tender, the beans are usually mashed or partly mashed. Common seasonings include olive oil, lemon juice, garlic, and cumin, with onion, salt, and chopped parsley added for flavor. Traditional toppings or accompaniments include chopped tomatoes, additional lemon wedges, and warm pita bread. Tahini and sometimes a hard-boiled egg are also used in some variants.

Regional variations: Ful medames is prepared with regional and personal variations across Egypt and the broader Middle East and North Africa. Some versions emphasize a simple, lightly seasoned mash, while others add toppings such as tahini, chili, or tomato. Canned beans provide a faster preparation in many households and eateries. Cooking methods and spice blends can vary by neighborhood, vendor, or family tradition.

Serving and cultural role: Ful medames is commonly served as a hearty breakfast and is also found in cafes and street food settings. It is frequently eaten with bread and can be part of larger meals during holidays or Ramadan.

Nutrition and context: The dish is high in plant-based protein and dietary fiber and offers complex carbohydrates. Nutritional content varies with preparation, toppings, and the use of canned versus dried beans.