lemon

A lemon is a yellow citrus fruit from the species Citrus limon, in the family Rutaceae. It is typically oval, with a thick aromatic rind and acidic juice that gives a pronounced tart flavor. The flesh is pale yellow and segmented.

Lemons originated in Asia, probably in northeast India, northern Myanmar, and southern China, and spread through the Mediterranean. Today they are grown in warm temperate and subtropical regions worldwide, with major production in Mexico, India, Argentina, Spain, and the United States.

Common cultivated varieties include Eureka and Lisbon lemons, which resemble wild lemons and are frequently sold for fresh fruit and juice, and Meyer lemons, a sweeter hybrid with thinner rind. Other cultivars exist for juice, zest, or processing.

Lemons are used for their juice, zest, and pulp in culinary applications such as beverages, dressings, marinades, seafood, sauces, and desserts. The rind yields essential oils, notably limonene, used in flavoring. Lemon juice also serves as a natural preservative and cleaner.

Cultivation requires well-drained soil, full sun, and protection from frost. Trees are usually grafted onto hardy rootstocks and may fruit year round in suitable climates. Nutritionally, lemons supply vitamin C and citric acid and are low in fat and calories.