itsetuhoisuus

Itsetuhoisuus refers to suicidality and self-harm, a spectrum of thoughts, urges, and behaviors in which a person harms themselves or contemplates doing so. In English-language literature, terms such as self-harm or suicidal behavior are used, with distinction often made between non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal actions. Itsetuhoisuus is a significant public health concern across ages, with higher prevalence in adolescence and young adulthood.

Risk factors include mental health disorders (such as depression and bipolar disorder), anxiety disorders, personality disorders (notably borderline), prior self-harm, trauma or abuse, substance use, chronic illness, and acute stressors. Protective factors include social support, coping skills, access to care, and stable circumstances.

Assessment involves confidential clinical interviewing and screening for the presence of ideation, intent, plan, means, and timing. Validated tools such as the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale may be used. Management emphasizes safety planning, crisis intervention, and treatment of underlying conditions. Evidence-based therapies include cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), and, when appropriate, pharmacotherapy for comorbid disorders. Care often requires coordination among healthcare providers, families, and schools or workplaces.

Prevention aims to reduce stigma, improve access to mental health care, and strengthen supports in communities. If you or someone you know is in immediate danger, call emergency services (112 in many countries) or contact a local suicide-prevention helpline or mental health professional.