suicidal

Suicidal is an adjective used to describe thoughts, feelings, or behaviors related to suicide. It is commonly applied to suicidal ideation, the presence of thoughts about death or ending one’s life, as well as to plans or actions aimed at pursuing that end. The term signals risk and distress but is not a clinical diagnosis; assessment by a health professional is recommended when such thoughts are present, especially if they are persistent, worsening, or accompanied by impairment.

Risk factors for suicidal thoughts and behaviors include the presence of mental health disorders (such as depression, bipolar disorder, or anxiety), substance use, chronic pain or illness, significant life stressors (loss, unemployment, relationship breakdown), social isolation, previous suicide attempts, and access to means. Protective factors—such as strong personal relationships, access to mental health care, coping skills, and a sense of purpose—can reduce risk.

Warning signs that may indicate imminent danger include talking about wanting to die or to kill oneself, seeking information on methods, drastic mood changes, withdrawal from family or activities, giving away important possessions, and sudden calm after a period of distress. If any of these signs are present, it is important to seek immediate help.

Prevention focuses on crisis intervention, support from trusted individuals, professional evaluation, safety planning, and reducing access to means. Treatments such as psychotherapy and, when appropriate, medication can help address underlying conditions. If you or someone you know is in immediate danger, contact local emergency services or a crisis line. Resources include national helplines and international organizations such as Befrienders Worldwide and the International Association for Suicide Prevention. In the United States, you can call or text 988 for the Suicide & Crisis Lifeline.