implantatstabilitet

Implantatstabilitet, or dental implant stability, refers to the firmness and positional stability of a dental implant within the jawbone. It is a critical determinant of successful osseointegration, the process by which the implant becomes biologically anchored to bone. Implant stability is generally divided into two phases: primary and secondary stability. Primary stability is mechanical and occurs immediately after placement, depending on bone density, implant design, and surgical technique. Secondary stability develops over weeks to months as new bone forms and remodels around the implant, indicating true biological integration.

Assessment of implant stability employs several objective methods. Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) is widely used, wherein a small transducer attaches to the implant and measures vibration frequency; the resulting Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) ranges from 1 to 100, with higher values indicating greater stability. Periotest measurements evaluate the damping of oscillation; lower Periotest values correlate with stronger stability. Radiographic evaluation, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), can also estimate bone density around the implant and identify potential gaps.

Factors affecting implant stability include bone quality and quantity, surgical protocol, implant surface characteristics, and loading conditions. High cortical bone density and appropriate implant geometry promote robust primary stability, while osteogenic factors, such as growth factors and bone grafting materials, influence secondary stability. Premature loading or excessive occlusal forces can jeopardize early stability, leading to micromotion that interrupts osseointegration.

Clinically, maintaining adequate implant stability is essential to avoid complications such as implant loosening, marginal bone loss, or failure. Periodic monitoring with RFA or Periotest measurements after placement and during the healing phase allows clinicians to make timely decisions regarding loading protocols or need for adjunctive procedures. Through careful planning, precise surgical execution, and thoughtful postoperative management, implantata stabilitet can be optimized, ensuring long-term success of dental implant restorations.