hypertriglykeidemia

Hypertriglyceridemia is a medical condition characterized by elevated levels of triglycerides in the bloodstream. Triglycerides are a type of fat (lipid) that the body uses for energy storage and is obtained through diet or synthesized in the liver. Normal fasting triglyceride levels are generally considered to be less than 150 mg/dL, while levels above 200 mg/dL are classified as hypertriglyceridemia.

This condition can be caused by genetic factors, such as familial hypertriglyceridemia, or acquired factors including obesity, poorly controlled diabetes, excessive alcohol consumption, a high-fat diet, and certain medications like corticosteroids or diuretics. Secondary causes also include metabolic syndrome, hypothyroidism, and kidney disease.

Hypertriglyceridemia is often asymptomatic but is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, pancreatitis, and other metabolic disorders. Very high triglyceride levels, typically above 500 mg/dL, significantly increase the risk of acute pancreatitis, a potentially life-threatening inflammation of the pancreas.

Diagnosis involves blood lipid testing after fasting to assess triglyceride, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and total cholesterol levels. Management strategies focus on lifestyle modifications such as dietary changes (reducing saturated fats and sugars), weight loss, physical activity, and limiting alcohol intake. Pharmacotherapy options include fibrates, niacin, omega-3 fatty acids, and statins, especially when lipid levels are difficult to control through lifestyle changes alone.

Ongoing monitoring of lipid levels and addressing underlying causes are important to reduce the risk of cardiovascular and pancreatic complications linked to hypertriglyceridemia.