hypercholesterolemiaan

Hypercholesterolemia refers to a medical condition characterized by abnormally high levels of cholesterol in the blood. Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance that is essential for building healthy cells, but when its levels become excessive, it can pose significant health risks. There are two primary types of cholesterol in the blood: low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, often referred to as "bad" cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, known as "good" cholesterol. Hypercholesterolemia is typically defined by elevated levels of LDL cholesterol, although low levels of HDL cholesterol can also contribute to the overall risk.

The causes of hypercholesterolemia can be varied. Primary, or familial, hypercholesterolemia is a genetic disorder inherited from one or both parents, leading to impaired cholesterol metabolism. Secondary hypercholesterolemia, on the other hand, is often caused by lifestyle factors such as a diet high in saturated and trans fats, lack of physical activity, obesity, and smoking. Certain medical conditions like hypothyroidism, diabetes, and kidney disease can also contribute to elevated cholesterol levels.

High cholesterol itself often presents no symptoms, making regular screening important. The primary concern with hypercholesterolemia is its strong association with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Excess LDL cholesterol can accumulate in the walls of arteries, forming plaque. This process, known as atherosclerosis, can narrow and harden the arteries, restricting blood flow and increasing the likelihood of heart attack and stroke. Management of hypercholesterolemia typically involves lifestyle modifications, including dietary changes, regular exercise, and weight management. In many cases, medication, such as statins, may also be prescribed to effectively lower cholesterol levels and reduce cardiovascular risk.