hudhematom

hudhematom, or skin hematoma, is a localized collection of blood beneath the skin that results from rupture of small blood vessels, typically after blunt trauma or medical procedures. It appears as a tender lump and often changes color as the blood is reabsorbed, usually progressing from red or purple to green-yellow over days to weeks. Skin hematomas are common in all ages but are more frequent in older adults, people with fragile skin, or those taking anticoagulant or antiplatelet medications.

Causes and presentation

A skin hematoma arises when vessels in the subcutaneous tissue are damaged, allowing blood to seep into the surrounding tissue without an open wound. The size and depth determine symptoms; larger hematomas can be visibly prominent, swollen, and painful. They may be accompanied by mild warmth or stiffness in the area, but fever is not typical unless an infection develops in a related wound.

Diagnosis and monitoring

Diagnosis is usually clinical, based on history and visual examination. In uncertain cases or when a hematoma is deep, ultrasound or other imaging may be used to assess depth, extent, and to distinguish from other conditions such as abscess or fracture.

Management

Most skin hematomas heal on their own without intervention. Initial management often includes rest, cold compresses during the first 24 to 48 hours to limit bleeding, followed by gradual use of heat to promote reabsorption. Elevation can help reduce swelling. Pain can be managed with acetaminophen; nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may be avoided in the acute phase if bleeding risk is a concern. Seek medical advice if the hematoma enlarges rapidly, is very painful, follows a significant trauma, or if there are signs of infection (increasing redness, warmth, fever) or if the patient has a bleeding disorder or is on anticoagulant therapy.

Prognosis

Most cutaneous hematomas resolve within a few days to a few weeks, with residual skin discoloration fading over time. Chronic or recurrent hematomas warrant medical evaluation to assess underlying bleeding disorders or vascular issues.