compresses

Compresses are soft pads, cloths, or folded gauze applied to a specific area of the body to deliver heat, cold, or moisture. They are used for symptom relief, wound care, muscle relaxation, and fever management. A compress is prepared by soaking a fabric in a liquid solution, then applying it to the skin with or without a barrier such as a towel.

Hot compresses use warm water or a warm solution, typically around 40–45°C (105–113°F). They are applied for about 15–20 minutes to promote blood flow and soothing effect. Caution is advised to avoid burns, especially in people with reduced sensation or skin conditions. Cold compresses employ cool water, an ice pack, or a refrigerant-soaked cloth, generally at 5–15°C (41–59°F). They are applied for roughly 10–15 minutes to limit swelling and numb pain. Direct contact with skin is avoided using a barrier, and prolonged exposure or application to damaged skin should be avoided.

Herbal or medicated compresses are traditional variants that use fabrics infused with herbs, essential oils, or antiseptics. They are common in many cultures and may be used for muscle tension, circulation, or skin conditions, with the same safety precautions as other compresses.

Care and maintenance include using clean materials, applying with a barrier, and following recommended durations. Reusable compresses should be washed and dried thoroughly between uses; single-use items should be discarded after a patient encounter or when contaminated.

In clinical practice, compresses are part of supportive care for pain, inflammation, fever, and wound management, and their use should align with medical guidance.