handwired

Handwired refers to electronic equipment that is assembled by hand using discrete wires rather than printed circuit boards. In practice, handwired designs often employ point-to-point wiring, where individual components are soldered directly together on a metal chassis. Variants include turret boards and tag boards, which provide a structured surface for mounting and connecting components. The term is commonly associated with audio gear, especially guitar amplifiers and effects pedals, but can also apply to boutique keyboards and synthesizers.

Historically, handwired construction was standard before the widespread adoption of printed circuit boards. Proponents argue that it allows direct component-to-component connections, easier modification, and straightforward repair. Handwired gear is often marketed on the basis of tone, reliability, and build quality, with many enthusiasts valuing the ability to modify or diagnose circuits without multi-layer PCBs.

Practical considerations include construction time, size, and cost. Handwired devices tend to be larger and heavier and require skilled assembly, making them more expensive than similarly rated PCB-based equipment. Proper grounding, shielding, and careful routing are important to minimize hum and noise. Deterioration over time can stem from mechanical stress on solder joints or wire insulation, though good practice and maintenance can mitigate these issues.

Overall, handwired equipment occupies a niche where perceived or actual advantages in repairability, tonal characteristics, and craftsmanship maintain its appeal, even as modern PCB-based designs dominate mass production.