gynecologist

A gynecologist is a physician who specializes in the health of the female reproductive system. The field covers the medical and surgical care of the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, cervix, vagina, and external genitalia. Gynecologists provide preventive care, diagnose and treat disorders, manage menstrual and fertility issues, and address menopause-related concerns. In many health systems, physicians who practice both obstetrics and gynecology are described as OB-GYNs and may provide comprehensive care during pregnancy as well as general gynecology.

Training and qualifications include earning a medical degree followed by a residency in obstetrics and gynecology. Many gynecologists complete subspecialty fellowships in areas such as gynecologic oncology, reproductive endocrinology and infertility, urogynecology, or maternal-fetal medicine. Board certification is common, and clinicians pursue ongoing continuing education to stay current with advances in the field. Gynecologists may work in hospitals, academic centers, or private practice.

Typical duties include performing gynecologic exams, screening tests such as Pap smears and HPV testing, and counseling on contraception and sexual health. They diagnose and treat conditions such as abnormal uterine bleeding, endometriosis, fibroids, pelvic pain, ovarian cysts, and infections, and they may perform or supervise surgical procedures. Common operations include hysterectomy, myomectomy, tubal ligation, laparoscopy, and hysteroscopy. They also diagnose and manage pelvic floor disorders and may coordinate care with other specialties.

The patient population primarily comprises people of reproductive age through menopause, with adolescents and young adults often seeking preventive care and education. Gynecologists play a central role in preventive health, disease management, and, when applicable, coordination of fertility and pregnancy-related services.