OBGYNs

OBGYNs are physicians who specialize in obstetrics and gynecology. Obstetrics focuses on pregnancy, labor, and the health of the mother and fetus, while gynecology covers the medical and surgical care of the female reproductive system. Many practitioners are dual-certified in both areas, while some focus mainly on one.

Education and training typically begin with a medical degree (MD or DO), followed by a four-year residency in obstetrics and gynecology. Many pursue subspecialty fellowships, for example in maternal-fetal medicine or gynecologic oncology. Licensure is required to practice, and board certification from the relevant specialty boards is common. OBGYNs also engage in ongoing continuing medical education.

Their scope includes prenatal care and delivery, postpartum care, contraception and family planning, and management of menstrual disorders, fertility, menopause, and gynecologic conditions such as infections, pelvic pain, and benign or malignant tumors. Procedures may include cesarean delivery, vaginal delivery, hysterectomy, and minimally invasive surgeries such as laparoscopy or hysteroscopy, as well as ultrasound-guided examinations and in-office procedures.

Subspecialties include maternal-fetal medicine, gynecologic oncology, reproductive endocrinology and infertility, urogynecology, and pediatric/adolescent gynecology. OBGYNs work in hospitals, private practices, clinics, and academic centers, often collaborating with other specialists to provide preventive care, emergency obstetric services, and advanced surgical care for patients across the lifespan.