prenatal

Prenatal refers to the period before birth and to the care and development occurring during that time. The term is used to describe both fetal development and the medical services provided to pregnant people.

Prenatal development proceeds from conception to birth. In humans, the first eight weeks are the embryonic period when major organs and tissues form. From week nine onward, the fetus grows and matures, with continued brain development and bodily systems maturing.

Prenatal care consists of regular medical visits, screening tests, and guidance aimed at ensuring the health of both the pregnant person and the fetus. Care typically includes physical exams, monitoring fetal growth, ultrasound imaging, vaccination updates when appropriate, and testing for conditions that could affect pregnancy outcomes.

Prenatal screening and diagnostic testing help assess fetal risk. Screening may include ultrasound and blood tests such as the first-trimester screen or noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT). Diagnostic procedures, including amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS), provide definitive information about genetic conditions.

Nutrition and lifestyle support healthy fetal development. Key recommendations include folic acid supplementation, a balanced diet, appropriate weight gain, and avoidance of alcohol, tobacco, and nonprescribed drugs. Limiting caffeine and avoiding certain foods and medications should be discussed with a provider.

Certain prenatal conditions, such as gestational diabetes, hypertension/preeclampsia, anemia, and infections, can affect pregnancy outcomes. Early detection and management through prenatal care reduce risks and improve health for both mother and child.