gynaecologist

A gynaecologist is a medical doctor who specializes in the medical and surgical care of the female reproductive system. The term derives from Greek roots meaning “woman” and “study.” Gynaecologists diagnose and treat a wide range of conditions affecting the reproductive tract, including the vagina, cervix, uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes, and provide care related to menstruation, contraception, fertility, pregnancy planning, and menopause. In many health systems, obstetricians focus on pregnancy and childbirth, while gynaecologists concentrate on non-pregnancy-related aspects of reproductive health; some clinicians practice both roles as OB-GYNs.

Common duties include routine pelvic examinations, cervical cancer screening (Pap tests and related tests), management of abnormal uterine bleeding, endometriosis, fibroids, polycystic ovary syndrome, infections, and fertility evaluations. Gynaecologists may perform or assist with surgical procedures such as hysterectomy, oophorectomy, tubal ligation, laparoscopy, dilation and curettage (D&C), endometrial biopsy, colposcopy, and the insertion of intrauterine devices. They also advise on contraception options and manage menopausal symptoms, including hormone therapy where appropriate.

Training and certification require completing medical school followed by a residency in obstetrics and gynaecology; board certification or recognition by relevant national bodies is common. Many gynaecologists pursue subspecialty fellowships in areas such as gynaecologic oncology, reproductive endocrinology and infertility, urogynecology, and pediatric and adolescent gynecology. Professional practice is often organized within hospitals, clinics, or academic medical centers, and guidelines are provided by national and international bodies such as RCOG, ACOG, and FIGO.