granulesdense

Granulesdense is a term used in the study of granular materials to describe a densely packed state of granules in which particle contacts are enduring and the system approaches a jammed configuration. The term refers to a regime with high packing fraction, typically near the random close packing limit for spherical particles, where mobility is severely reduced and the material exhibits a solid-like response under small stresses.

In granulesdense, the force chains transmitted through the contact network bear most of the applied load; the material shows yield behavior, reduced dilatancy, and complex shear response. Under shear, the system can undergo jamming transitions, in which a small additional stress causes a dramatic rise in resistance to flow. Dynamic rearrangements of particles become rare, and flow, when it occurs, is localized to shear bands or intermittent avalanches.

Measurement and modeling of granulesdense involve imaging techniques such as X-ray computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging to map packing structure, while contact networks are analyzed with photoelastic methods. Numerical simulations often employ the discrete element method (DEM) to reproduce jammed states and to examine how particle shape, friction, and polydispersity influence the transition to dense packing.

Applications and significance of the concept include understanding dense granular states for powder processing, pharmaceutical compaction, soils and geotechnical engineering, and material handling. The term granulesdense is largely descriptive; in formal literature the broader terms dense granular matter or high packing fraction are more common. Usage varies across sources and disciplines.